Turbine



PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1, 1903.

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X x5 l K V No. 749,770. 7 PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. E. J. WOOD.

TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED mm: 1. 1903. 170 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Y ATTORNEY v UNITED STATES Patented January 19, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

EDGAR J. WOOD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO MARGARET A. WOOD, OFBROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 749,770, dated January19, 1904; Application filed June 1, 1903. Serial No. 159,551. (Nomodel.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR J. WOOD, a citizen of the United States,residing in the borough of Brooklyn, in the city and State of New York,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Turbines, of whichthe following is a specification.

The improvement is intended more particularly for steam, andI willdescribe it as thus applied. The construction is of that class in whichtwo wheels are combined turning rapidly in opposite directions. I havemade a new departure by devising a construction in which each wheel hasadisk body and a series of semibuckets or semivanes curving oppositelyto those in the other wheel. I can duplicate the concentric series ofsemivanes and will show them as duplicated. A stout ring within eachseries of semivanes and formed integral therewith affords great strengthand stiffness. Each such ring is perforated at an inclination, oneperforation for each semivane; but the perforations through the ring arenot nearly as wide as the spaces between the semivanes. The retardationwhich such rings produces on the flow of the steam I esteem anadvantage. As the wheels turn in opposite directions the series ofsemivanes and each corresponding stout ring with its inclinedperforations or apertures in one wheel play closely but easily betweenthe corresponding parts in the opposite wheel. The perforations mayvary; but I prefer that, measured diametrically, each perforated ring beof about equal thickness to that of the accompanying semivanes. I havealso discovered that it is of advantage to introduce the current ofsteam at a high velocity into a space which extends continuously aroundthe revolving wheels.

The following is a description of what I consider the best means forcarrying out the invention.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line 1 1 in Fig. 2' seen from theright. Fig. 2 is a corresponding section on the line 2 2 in Fig. 1 seenfrom the left. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 in Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures where they appear.

A is a stationary casing made smooth in its interior and equipped withfour tangential nozzles A A, &c., each receiving a pipe arranged tobring steam at high pressure from a boiler (not shown) and to deliver'it tangentially into a considerable passage a, which extendscontinuously around the periphery of the combined wheels inclosed withincontracted at four points, as shown. (See Fig. 1.) A liberal aperture (4near the center allows the steam to flow idly away after it has done itswork on the wheels.

B is a slender shaft mounted in bearings A A on'which .is fixed acircular disk B, which forms the body of one of the rapidly-revolvingwheels.

D is a sleeve lightly surrounding the shaft B for a considerable portionof its length and carrying a disk D, revolving rapidly in the oppositedirection in a plane parallel to that of the disk B. On the inner faceof the disk Bthat face which is presented toward the disk D---are twostrong rings formed integral with the disk and marked, respectively, Band B Similarly on the inner face of the disk Dthat face which ispresented toward the disk B-is a ring D formed integral with the disk Dand arranged to revolve in the space between the rings on the oppositedisk B.

I provide inclined apertures b in each of the rings B B and provideadjacent to each of these apertures on the outer face of the ringssmoothly-projecting curved extensions B, of metal, which serve assemivanes. D made integral with the disk D, is correspondingly equippedwith a semivane D for each of the perforations. The semivanes B* on thewheel B are each set in front of a corresponding inclined aperture 5,and a corresponding relation obtains between the semivanes D and theinclined apertures d. In each wheel the steam impinges tangentially at ahigh velocity against the semivanes and is caused to move smoothlyinward on the rear face of the semivane and is afterward retained andimprisoned a brief period and later de- The ring livered in a smoothcontinuous stream through the inclined aperture connected, and is thusdischarged at a greatly-reduced but still high velocity tangentially toserve against the semivanes of the next series within, and so on.

My construction holds the parts in each wheel and presents the severalpassages with great firmness and reliability in regard to theirpositions.

he inner faces of the fixed casing A are grooved circumferentially, asindicated by (0 The grooving a in concentric lines along a" considerableextent of close-fitting surface prevents any strong flow of steam fromthe periphery inward through these very thin spaces. As in other wheelsof this class, the useful effect is produced by the strong actionthrough the complex provisions on the inner faces of these wheels.

()n the extended shaft B is firmly fixed a wheel B carrying spurgear-teeth B. The sleeve D terminates with a large wheel I)", whichcarries at its periphery internal gearteeth I)". Outside of therapidly-revolving wheel B is a fixed disk A which carries studs A, onwhich studs are freely-revolving sleeves J, on each of which sleeves arefixed two gear-wheels J and J 2 of different diameters. The smallerwheel J engages with the spur-teeth B. The larger wheel J engages withthe internal gear-teeth D. This gearing communicates to the shaftB thepower which is developed by the wheel D without involving much lateralpressure.

I attach importance to the proportions of the semivanes and rings. Therings and the spaces where they are left uncut by the obliqueperforations should be of suflicient thickness to afford strength andperform the double function of supporting the semivanes, which areformed integral therewith, and restrain the inward flow of the steam.The pressure should be reduced by about equal instalments from theinitial boiler-pressure at the periphery to substantially theatmospheric or vacuum, as the case may be, at the center. I attachimportance to the passage at around the exterior contracted but notarrested at points properly related to the several tangentialinduction-passages, because such passage promotes the freedom of theadmission of the steam from the induction-nozzles and allows free actionon each of the several wings and the contractions forbid anyconsiderable flow around the periphery. I attach importance to theconcentric grooves a in the combination, because they in a marked degreeretard the wasteful flow of steam inward past them,while involving noadditional friction and allowing the steam a just sufficiently freepassage circumferentially in their action on the several semivanes. Iattach importance to the fact that the series of vanes D are completevanes instead of semivanes, because the series is of so small diameterthat it can be sufiiciently supported without the perforated ring. Iattach importance to the fact that the steam is received at theperiphery and discharged from the center, for the reason, among others,that the lateral pressure of the strong steam on the casing is at theperiphery,where it is strongly tied together, and that only weak steamis inclosed within the portions of the casing near the center, so thatthose parts which are more liable to spring apart by the pressure of the"incl'osed steam are so little strained that it is easy to make themsufficiently stiff to maintain reasonably tight joints.

Modifications may be made without departing from the principle orsacrificing the advantages of the invention. I have shown the concentricspace outside of the outermost series of semivanes B as more or lessinterrupted by a contraction of the casing in diameter adjacent to eachpoint where a fresh current of steam is received from the nextinduction-nozzle A. Such interruption may be made more pronounced, sothat it may be an extension of metal inward into close contact with thenicely-finished exteriors of the outermost series of semivanes,thatmarked B", or these interruptions may, on the other hand, be reduced, sothat the steam may flow around the wheels in a nearly uniform channel a.e

I claim as my invention 1. In a turbine having combined wheels turned inopposite directions geared together, the several obliquely-perforatedrings B D B and corresponding series of smoothly-curved semivanesextending outward beyond the rings, receiving the strong steam at theperiphery and allowing the weak to escape from a point near the center,proportioned and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.

2. In a turbine having combined wheels turned in opposite directionsgeared together, the several obliquely-perforated rings B D B andcorresponding series of semivanes B 1) B, the tangential nozzles Aconnected with a source of steam and the close-fitting casingA having aliberal passage (0 within its periphery, all arranged to servesubstantially as herein specified.

3. In a turbine having combined wheels turned in opposite directionsgeared together the several obliquely-perforated rings B D B andcorresponding series of semivanes B D B the tangential noz'zles Aconnected with a source of steam and the close-fitting casingA having aliberal passage a within its periphery and concentric grooves 64 in itsinterior faces, all arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.

L. In a turbine having combined wheels turned in opposite directionsgeared together, the tangential induction-nozzles A receiving elasticfluid at a high pressure at the periphery, the severalobliquely-perforated rings B D B and corresponding series of semivanes BD B and the series of complete vanes D carried on one of the Wheelswithin said rings, all proportioned and arranged to serve substantiallyas herein specified.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I aflix mysignature in presence of two Witnesses. I

' EDGAR J. WOOD.

Witnesses:

THOMAS DREW STE'rsoN, M. F. BOYLE.

